October 17, 2025
Mr. Smith of Washington (for himself, Mr. Huffman, and Ms. Norton) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources
To expand the authorization of voluntary Federal grazing permit retirement, provide increased flexibility for Federal grazing permittees, promote the equitable resolution or avoidance of conflicts on Federal lands managed by the Department of Agriculture or the Department of the Interior, and for other purposes.
Section 1. Short title; table of contents
(a) Short title
This Act may be cited as the Voluntary Grazing Permit Retirement Act of 2025
.
(b) Table of contents
The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 2. Findings
Congress finds the following:
(1)
Voluntary grazing permit retirement is a successful land management tool that has been authorized by Congress for specific purposes and in numerous areas throughout the 16 Western States, including Death Valley National Park, Capitol Reef National Park, Arches National Park, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument, Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve, and Wilderness Areas in the Owyhee Canyonlands and Boulder-White Clouds.
(2)
Expanding the authority for voluntary grazing permit retirement to include all Federal lands managed by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior in the 16 Western States will aid in the resolution of land and resource management conflicts and provide Federal grazing permittees and lessees with increased flexibility and opportunities when making decisions about the future of their livestock operations.
Sec. 3. Definitions
In this Act:
(1) Administratively retired grazing allotment
The term administratively retired grazing allotment means a grazing allotment, or portion of a grazing allotment, on Federal lands managed by the Secretary that is or becomes vacant or closed due to the voluntary waiver of the grazing permit or lease by the holder of the grazing permit or lease issued by the Secretary with the intention of permanently ending livestock grazing on that grazing allotment, or portion of a grazing allotment, as a result of an agreement with a third party.
(2) Commercial livestock grazing; livestock grazing
The terms commercial livestock grazing and livestock grazing—
(A)
mean the grazing of domestic livestock on Federal lands as authorized by a grazing permit or lease; and
(B)
do not include the grazing of beasts of burden on Federal lands while used for recreational or administrative purposes.
(3) Grazing allotment
The term grazing allotment means the designated portion of Federal land upon which domestic livestock are authorized to graze by a grazing permit or lease.
(4) Grazing permit; lease
The terms grazing permit or lease and grazing permit and lease mean any document authorizing the use of Federal lands for the purpose of commercial livestock grazing.
(5) Permittee; lessee
The terms permittee or lessee and permittee and lessee mean a livestock operator that holds a valid existing grazing permit or lease.
(6) Range developments
The term range developments—
(A)
means structures, fences, and other permanent fixtures placed on Federal lands for the furtherance of the purpose of livestock grazing; and
(B)
does not include rolling stock, livestock, and diversions of water from Federal lands onto non-Federal lands.
(7) Secretaries
The term Secretaries refers to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior.
(8) Secretary
The term Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior, as appropriate to the administration of a grazing permit or lease.
(9) 16 western states
The term 16 Western States means Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
Sec. 4. Voluntary grazing permit retirement program
(a) Voluntary waiver of grazing permit or lease
(1) Acceptance by Secretary
Subject to the limitation set forth in subsection (c)(1), the Secretary shall accept, on a first-come, first-served basis, any grazing permit or lease related to Federal land in the 16 Western States that is voluntarily waived by a grazing permittee or lessee with the intention of permanently ending livestock grazing on that grazing allotment or on a portion of that grazing allotment.
(2) Termination
The Secretary shall immediately terminate any grazing permit or lease accepted under paragraph (1).
(3) No new grazing permit or lease
With respect to each grazing permit or lease voluntarily waived under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—
(A)
not issue any new grazing permit or lease within the grazing allotment covered by the grazing permit or lease; and
(B)
ensure a permanent end to livestock grazing on the grazing allotment covered by the grazing permit or lease.
(b) Waiver of grazing permit or lease on common allotments
(1) In general
If a grazing allotment or portion of a grazing allotment covered by a grazing permit or lease that is waived under subsection (a) is also covered in part or in whole by another grazing permit or lease that is not waived, the Secretary shall reduce the level of commercial livestock grazing on the grazing allotment to reflect the waiver.
(2) Authorized level
To ensure that there is a permanent reduction in the level of livestock grazing on the land covered by the grazing permit or lease waived under subsection (a), the Secretary shall not allow grazing to exceed the level established under paragraph (1).
(c) Limitation
(1) In general
The Secretaries shall accept per fiscal year under this section—
(A)
not more than 100 grazing permits, in the aggregate, for all of the 16 Western States; and
(B)
not more than 25 grazing permits for land located in whole or in part in any individual State.
(2) Applicability
This limitation shall not apply to administratively retired grazing allotments as of the effective date of this Act.
(d) Administratively retired grazing allotments
With respect to grazing allotments administratively retired before the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall—
(1)
not issue any new grazing permit or lease within the grazing allotment covered by the grazing permit or lease; and
(2)
ensure a permanent end to livestock grazing on the grazing allotment covered by the grazing permit or lease.
Sec. 5. Effect of waiver of grazing permit
(a) Effect on range developments
A permittee or lessee who waives a grazing permit or lease to the Secretary under section 4 shall be deemed to have waived any claim to all range developments on land covered by the grazing permit or lease waived, notwithstanding any other provision of law.
(b) Securing retired allotments against unauthorized use
The Secretary shall ensure that grazing allotments retired from grazing under this Act are rendered reasonably secure from trespass grazing by domestic livestock.
(c) Relation to other authority
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect the authority of the Secretary to modify or terminate any grazing permit or lease in accordance with other law.
(d) Relation to valid existing rights
Nothing in this Act affects the allocation, ownership, interest, or control, in existence on the date of the enactment of this Act, of any water, water right, or any other valid existing right held by the United States, an Indian Tribe, or a State, county, or municipality, or a private individual, partnership, or corporation.