November 25, 2025
Mr. Lieu (for himself and Mr. Dunn of Florida) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
To increase penalties for the commission of financial crimes using artificial intelligence.
Section 1. Short title
This Act may be cited as the AI Fraud Deterrence Act
.
Sec. 2. Findings
Congress finds the following:
(1)
Scammers are using AI to impersonate senior U.S. government officials.
(2)
In May 2025, hackers breached the personal cellphone of White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles and used AI to impersonate her voice in calls and messages to senators, governors, business leaders, and other high-level contacts.
(3)
In July 2025, AI was used to impersonate Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s voice in calls to three foreign ministers, a Member of Congress, and a Governor, with the apparent aim of obtaining sensitive information and access to accounts.
Sec. 3. Financial crimes and artificial intelligence
(a) Mail fraud
Section 1341 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
by striking $1,000,000
and inserting $2,000,000
; and
(2)
by inserting after the period at the end the following: If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
.
(b) Wire fraud
Section 1343 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
by striking $1,000,000
and inserting $2,000,000
; and
(2)
by inserting after the period at the end the following: If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
.
(c) Bank fraud
Section 1344 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
by striking Whoever knowingly
and inserting the following:
(a) In general
Whoever knowingly; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following:
(b) Artificial intelligence
Whoever commits subsection (a) with the assistance of artificial intelligence shall be fined not more than $2,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
(d) Artificial intelligence defined
(1) In general
Section 1346 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(A)
by amending the section heading to read as follows: Definitions
;
(B)
by striking chapter, the term
and inserting the following:
chapter—
(1)
the term;
(C)
by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and
; and
(D)
by adding at the end the following:
(2)
the term
artificial intelligencehas the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.
(2) Clerical amendment
The table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 1346 and inserting the following:
(e) Money laundering
Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
in subsection (a)—
(A)
in the continuation text following paragraph (1)(B)(ii), by inserting after or both
the following: , or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both
;
(B)
in the continuation text following paragraph (2)(B)(ii), by inserting after or both
the following: , or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation, transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both
; and
(C)
in the continuation text following paragraph (3)(C), by inserting after or both
the following: , or, in the case that such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both
; and
(2)
in subsection (c)—
(A)
in paragraph (8), by striking and
at the end;
(B)
in paragraph (9), by striking the period and inserting ; and
; and
(C)
by adding at the end the following:
(10)
the term
artificial intelligencehas the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.
Sec. 4. Ai impersonation of Federal officials
Section 912 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
by inserting after the period at the end the following: If the violation is committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both.
;
(2)
by striking Whoever
and inserting the following:
(a) In general
Whoever;
(3)
by inserting after falsely assumes or pretends to be an officer or employee
the following: , including with the use of artificial intelligence,
; and
(4)
by adding at the end the following:
(b) Rule of construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit legitimate uses of artificial intelligence in satire, parody, or expressive conduct protected under the First Amendment, provided such content includes clear disclosure that it is not authentic and is not intended as such.
(c) Definition
In this section, the term
artificial intelligencehas the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.