Whereas Marcus Garvey was the father of the largest African-American movement of all time, a movement which attracted millions of followers from around the world;

Whereas Marcus Garvey’s legacy is deeply rooted in many North American and Caribbean communities, and his memory is highly regarded by many in the United States and his native Jamaica;

Whereas Marcus Garvey was able to enlist the support of more than 1,500,000 members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association to purchase shares in the Black Star Line, a cargo shipping line developed to increase the economic independence of African Americans;

Whereas the ultimate goal of Garvey’s philosophy was for the Black community to achieve economic independence through free enterprise, entrepreneurship, and political self-help; and

Whereas Marcus Mosiah Garvey was granted a Presidential posthumous pardon in 2025, and it is therefore fitting and appropriate at this time to recognize his contributions to Black history: Now, therefore, be it