(a) Permissibility of the removal of woody vegetation

Section 1221(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3821(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(3) Permissibility of the removal of woody vegetation

The removal of woody vegetation, including stumps, shall not be considered to be an activity that is for the purpose, or that has the effect, of making the production of an agricultural commodity possible under paragraph (1).

(b) Prohibition on retroactive penalties

Section 1221 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3821) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(g) Prohibition on retroactive penalties

The Secretary may not determine a person to be in violation of this section for the production of an agricultural commodity on, or the conversion of, a wetland that, at the time of that production or conversion, as applicable, the Secretary had not delineated, determined, and certified to be a wetland in accordance with section 1222.

(c) Burden of proof

Section 1221 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3821) (as amended by subsection (b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(h) Burden of proof

The Secretary shall bear the burden of proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that a person is in violation of this section, including—

(1)

in a case in which there is a lack of evidence to determine such a violation; and

(2)

the burden of proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that evidence offered to prove that a person is not in violation of this section is unreliable.

(d) Prohibition on using new rationale for wetland determinations previously refuted

Section 1222(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3822(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(7) Prohibition on using new rationale for wetland determinations previously refuted

If a person successfully appeals a final wetland determination at the National Appeals Division, the Secretary may not subsequently make a determination that the wetland exists based on a rationale that was not used for the determination that was successfully appealed at the National Appeals Division.

(e) Appeal process for nonaccepted review of wetland certification requests

Section 1222(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3822(a)) (as amended by subsection (d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(8) Appeal process for nonaccepted review of wetland certification requests

The Secretary shall develop an appeal process for requests for the review of wetland certifications that are not accepted by a State office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, which shall include a right for the person bringing the appeal to demand that the Secretary conduct an on-site visit in accordance with subsection (c).

(f) Requirement relating to preliminary wetland determinations

Section 1222(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3822(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(3) Requirement relating to preliminary wetland determinations

The Secretary may not rely solely on 1 on-site visit described in paragraph (1) to determine that the hydrologic criteria for the determination that a wetland exists are satisfied.

(g) Customer satisfaction survey

Subtitle C of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3821 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

1225. Customer satisfaction survey

(a) Purposes

The purposes of this section are—

(1)

to improve customer service at the Natural Resources Conservation Service relating to the administration of this subtitle;

(2)

to identify areas of satisfaction of customers in interacting with the Natural Resources Conservation Service in the administration of this subtitle;

(3)

to identify areas of customer service at the Natural Resources Conservation Service in need of improvement due to dissatisfaction of customers in interacting with the Natural Resources Conservation Service in the administration of this subtitle; and

(4)

to address corrective measures and initiate positive change in customer service at the Natural Resources Conservation Service relating to the administration of this subtitle.

(b) Option To participate in survey

The Secretary shall offer to each individual who interacts with the Natural Resources Conservation Service in the administration of this subtitle the option to participate in a survey described in subsection (c).

(c) Surveys

The Secretary shall enter into an agreement with an independent survey company, under which the independent survey company shall provide the following services:

(1)

Send, by email or mail, a customer satisfaction survey to each individual who interacts with the Natural Resources Conservation Service in the administration of this subtitle and indicates to the Secretary a desire to participate in the survey on being offered the option to participate under subsection (b) after any of the following occurs:

(A)

The Secretary completes a final wetland determination, including a final technical determination, relating to land of the individual.

(B)

Appeals to the Farm Service Agency with respect to a wetland determination are exhausted.

(C)

An appeal is made with respect to a wetland determination to a National Appeals Division officer.

(D)

An appeal is made with respect to a wetland determination to the Director of the National Appeals Division.

(E)

The Secretary completes a review of a prior certification of a wetland determination.

(F)

The individual has any other interaction with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(2)

Receive responses to the surveys from the individuals to which the surveys are sent under paragraph (1).

(3)

Each month—

(A)

compile the responses to the surveys received under paragraph (2); and

(B)

submit a report describing the compiled responses to—

(i)

the applicable State Conservationist;

(ii)

the congressional delegation of each applicable State;

(iii)

the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;

(iv)

the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

(v)

the applicable State department of agriculture; and

(vi)

the Secretary.

(h) State oversight committees

Subtitle C of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3821 et seq.) (as amended by subsection (g)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

1226. State oversight committees

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish an oversight committee for each State in which appeals of wetland determinations under this subtitle are made.

(b) Composition

Each State oversight committee shall be composed of—

(1)

2 private, active farmers or ranchers appointed by the Secretary; and

(2)

1 private, active farmer or rancher appointed by the State department of agriculture.

(c) Terms

A member of a State oversight committee—

(1)

shall be appointed for a term of 5 years; and

(2)

may serve for not more than 2 terms.

(d) Duties

Each State oversight committee shall have the following duties:

(1)

Review the following appeals of wetland determinations under this subtitle in the applicable State:

(A)

Appeals of preliminary wetland determinations.

(B)

Appeals of final wetland determinations.

(C)

Wetland determination appeals to the county Farm Service Agency committee.

(D)

Wetland determination appeals for State Conservationist review.

(E)

Requests for wetland determination mediation.

(F)

Wetland determination appeals to the National Appeals Division.

(G)

Wetland determination appeals to the Director of the National Appeals Division.

(2)

Review all requests for a review of a prior certification of a wetland determination under this subtitle.

(3)

Submit a report describing findings of fact and recommendations for change and improvement with respect to each review under paragraphs (1) and (2) to—

(A)

the State Conservationist;

(B)

the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service;

(C)

the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate; and

(D)

the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives.

(e) Assistance

A State oversight committee may procure assistance in carrying out the duties under subsection (d) from—

(1)

a consultant; and

(2)

a legal services provider.

(i) Reforms to appeals processes

The Secretary of Agriculture shall—

(j) Regulations

Section 1246(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3846(b)(2)) is amended—

(k) Prohibition of permanent easements

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, may not acquire any permanent easement.