Introduced in Senate — S. 2457

119th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. 2457

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

July 24, 2025

Mr. Durbin introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

A BILL

To authorize dedicated domestic terrorism offices within the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to analyze and monitor domestic terrorist activity and require the Federal Government to take steps to prevent domestic terrorism.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

Section 1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2025.

Sec. 2. Definitions

In this Act—

(1)

the term Director means the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(2)

the term domestic terrorism has the meaning given the term in section 2331 of title 18, United States Code;

(3)

the term hate crime incident means an act described in section 241, 245, 247, or 249 of title 18, United States Code, or in section 901 of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3631);

(4)

the term Secretary, except as otherwise provided, means the Secretary of Homeland Security; and

(5)

the term uniformed services has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code.

Sec. 3. Offices to combat domestic terrorism

(a) Authorization of offices To monitor, analyze, investigate, and prosecute domestic terrorism

(1) Domestic Terrorism Unit

There is authorized a Domestic Terrorism Unit in the Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the Department of Homeland Security, which shall be responsible for monitoring and analyzing domestic terrorism activity.

(2) Domestic Terrorism Office

There is authorized a Domestic Terrorism Office in the Counterterrorism Section of the National Security Division of the Department of Justice—

(A)

which shall be responsible for investigating and prosecuting incidents of domestic terrorism;

(B)

which shall be headed by the Domestic Terrorism Counsel; and

(C)

which shall coordinate with the Civil Rights Division on domestic terrorism matters that may also be hate crime incidents.

(3) Domestic Terrorism Section of the FBI

There is authorized a Domestic Terrorism Section within the Counterterrorism Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which shall be responsible for investigating domestic terrorism activity.

(4) Staffing

The Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Director shall each ensure that each office authorized under this section in their respective agencies shall—

(A)

have an adequate number of employees to perform the required duties;

(B)

have not less than one employee dedicated to ensuring compliance with civil rights and civil liberties laws and regulations; and

(C)

require that all employees undergo annual anti-bias training.

(5) Sunset

The offices authorized under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

(b) Joint report on domestic terrorism

(1) Biannual report required

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter for the 10-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Director shall submit a joint report authored by the domestic terrorism offices authorized under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) to—

(A)

the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and

(B)

the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Homeland Security, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

(2) Contents

Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A)

an assessment of the domestic terrorism threat posed by White supremacists and neo-Nazis, including White supremacist and neo-Nazi infiltration of Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and the uniformed services;

(B)

(i)

in the first report, an analysis of incidents or attempted incidents of domestic terrorism that have occurred in the United States since April 19, 1995, including any White supremacist-related incidents or attempted incidents; and

(ii)

in each subsequent report, an analysis of incidents or attempted incidents of domestic terrorism that occurred in the United States during the preceding 6 months, including any White supremacist-related incidents or attempted incidents;

(C)

a quantitative analysis of domestic terrorism for the preceding 6 months, including—

(i)

the number of—

(I)

domestic terrorism-related assessments initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, including the number of assessments from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for assessments related to White supremacism;

(II)

domestic terrorism-related preliminary investigations initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, including the number of preliminary investigations from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for preliminary investigations related to White supremacism, and how many preliminary investigations resulted from assessments;

(III)

domestic terrorism-related full investigations initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, including the number of full investigations from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for full investigations related to White supremacism, and how many full investigations resulted from preliminary investigations and assessments;

(IV)

domestic terrorism-related incidents, including the number of incidents from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for incidents related to White supremacism, the number of deaths and injuries resulting from each incident, and a detailed explanation of each incident;

(V)

Federal domestic terrorism-related arrests, including the number of arrests from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for arrests related to White supremacism, and a detailed explanation of each arrest;

(VI)

Federal domestic terrorism-related indictments, including the number of indictments from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for indictments related to White supremacism, and a detailed explanation of each indictment;

(VII)

Federal domestic terrorism-related prosecutions, including the number of prosecutions from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for prosecutions related to White supremacism, and a detailed explanation of each prosecution;

(VIII)

Federal domestic terrorism-related convictions, including the number of convictions from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for convictions related to White supremacism, and a detailed explanation of each conviction; and

(IX)

Federal domestic terrorism-related weapons recoveries, including the number of each type of weapon and the number of weapons from each category and subcategory, with a specific category or subcategory for weapons recoveries related to White supremacism; and

(ii)

an explanation of each individual case that progressed through more than one of the stages described in clause (i)—

(I)

including the specific category or subcategory for the case; and

(II)

not including personally identifiable information not otherwise releasable to the public; and

(D)

a certification that each of the assessments and investigations described in subparagraph (C) is in compliance with all applicable civil rights and civil liberties laws and regulations.

(3) Hate crimes

In compiling a joint report under this subsection, the domestic terrorism offices authorized under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) shall, in consultation with the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice and the Civil Rights Unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, review each Federal hate crime charge and conviction during the preceding 6 months to determine whether the incident also constitutes a domestic terrorism-related incident.

(4) Classification and public release

Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be—

(A)

unclassified, to the greatest extent possible, with a classified annex only if necessary; and

(B)

in the case of the unclassified portion of the report, posted on the public websites of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(5) Nonduplication

If 2 or more provisions of this subsection or any other law impose requirements on an agency to report or analyze information on domestic terrorism that are substantially similar, the agency may produce one report that complies with each such requirement as fully as possible.

(c) Domestic Terrorism Executive Committee

(1) In general

There is authorized a Domestic Terrorism Executive Committee (in this subsection referred to as the Committee) within the Department of Justice.

(2) Membership

The members of the Committee shall include—

(A)

a representative from the Terrorism and National Security Subcommittee of the Attorney General’s Advisory Committee of United States Attorneys;

(B)

a representative from the Counterterrorism Section of the National Security Division of the Department of Justice;

(C)

a representative from the Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice;

(D)

a representative from the Domestic Terrorism Section of the Counterterrorism Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation authorized under subsection (a)(3); and

(E)

a representative from the Domestic Terrorism Unit of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the Department of Homeland Security authorized under subsection (a)(1).

(3) Duties

The Committee shall—

(A)

meet on a regular basis, and not less frequently than 4 times each year, to coordinate with United States Attorneys and other key public safety officials across the United States to promote information sharing and ensure an effective, responsive, and organized joint effort to combat domestic terrorism; and

(B)

convene local forums, not less frequently than 4 times each year, to connect community groups with Federal law enforcement agencies to—

(i)

help increase community understanding and reporting of domestic terrorism;

(ii)

build trust between law enforcement agencies and the communities most impacted by domestic terrorism; and

(iii)

create and strengthen alliances between law enforcement agencies and other government partners and groups to combat domestic terrorism.

(d) Focus on greatest threats

The domestic terrorism offices authorized under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) shall focus their limited resources on the most significant domestic terrorism threats, as determined by the number of domestic terrorism-related incidents from each category and subcategory in the joint report for the preceding 6 months required under subsection (b).

Sec. 4. Training to combat domestic terrorism

(a) Required training and resources

The Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Director shall review the anti-terrorism training and resource programs of their respective agencies that are provided to Federal, State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies, including the State and Local Anti-Terrorism Program that is funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance of the Department of Justice, and ensure that such programs include training and resources to assist State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies in understanding, detecting, deterring, and investigating acts of domestic terrorism and White supremacist and neo-Nazi infiltration of law enforcement and corrections agencies. The Attorney General shall make training available to Department prosecutors and to Assistant United States Attorneys on countering and prosecuting domestic terrorism. The domestic-terrorism training shall focus on the most significant domestic terrorism threats, as determined by the quantitative analysis in the joint report required under section 3(b).

(b) Requirement

Any individual who provides domestic terrorism training required under this section shall have—

(1)

expertise in domestic terrorism; and

(2)

relevant academic, law enforcement, or other community-based experience in matters related to domestic terrorism.

(c) Report

(1) In general

Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act and twice each year thereafter, the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Director shall each submit a report to the committees of Congress described in section 3(b)(1) on the domestic terrorism training implemented by their respective agencies under this section, which shall include copies of all training materials used and the names and qualifications of the individuals who provide the training.

(2) Classification and public release

Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall—

(A)

be unclassified, to the greatest extent possible, with a classified annex only if necessary; and

(B)

in the case of the unclassified portion of each report, be posted on the respective public website of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, or the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Sec. 5. Interagency task force

(a) In general

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, the Director, the Secretary, and the Secretary of Defense shall establish an interagency task force to analyze and combat White supremacist and neo-Nazi infiltration of the uniformed services and Federal law enforcement agencies.

(b) Report

(1) In general

Not later than 1 year after the interagency task force is established under subsection (a), the Attorney General, the Director, the Secretary, and the Secretary of Defense shall submit a joint report on the findings of the task force and the response of the Attorney General, the Secretary, and the Secretary of Defense to such findings, to—

(A)

the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

(B)

the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(C)

the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

(D)

the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;

(E)

the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

(F)

the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives;

(G)

the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

(H)

the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

(2) Classification and public release

The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be—

(A)

submitted in unclassified form, to the greatest extent possible, with a classified annex only if necessary; and

(B)

in the case of the unclassified portion of the report, posted on the public website of the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense.

Sec. 6. Federal support for addressing hate crime incidents with a nexus to domestic terrorism

(a) Community Relations Service

The Community Relations Service of the Department of Justice, authorized under section 1001(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000g), may offer the support of the Service to communities where the Department of Justice has brought charges in a hate crime incident that has a nexus to domestic terrorism.

(b) Federal Bureau of Investigation

Section 249 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

(f) Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Attorney General, acting through the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall assign a special agent or hate crimes liaison to each field office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate hate crimes incidents (as defined in section 2 of the Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2025) with a nexus to domestic terrorism (as defined in such section 2).

Sec. 7. Rule of construction

Nothing in this Act, or any amendment made by this Act, may be construed to authorize the infringement or violation of any right protected under the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States or an applicable provision of Federal law.

Sec. 8. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act.