Introduced in Senate — S. 2889

119th CONGRESS

1st Session

S. 2889

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

September 18 (legislative day, September 16), 2025

Mr. Durbin introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions

A BILL

To promote minimum State requirements for the prevention and treatment of concussions caused by participation in school sports, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

Section 1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Protecting Student Athletes from Concussions Act of 2025.

Sec. 2. Minimum State requirements

(a) Minimum requirements

Each State that receives funds under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) and does not meet the requirements described in this section, as of the date of enactment of this Act, shall, not later than the last day of the fifth full fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act (referred to in this Act as the compliance deadline), enact legislation or issue regulations establishing the following minimum requirements:

(1) Local educational agency concussion safety and management plan

Each local educational agency in the State, in consultation with members of the community in which such agency is located, shall develop and implement a standard plan for concussion safety and management that—

(A)

educates students, parents, and school personnel about concussions, through activities such as—

(i)

training school personnel, including coaches, teachers, athletic trainers, related services personnel, and school nurses, on concussion safety and management, including training on the prevention, recognition, and academic consequences of concussions and response to concussions; and

(ii)

using, maintaining, and disseminating to students and parents—

(I)

release forms and other appropriate forms for reporting and record keeping;

(II)

treatment plans; and

(III)

prevention and post-injury observation and monitoring fact sheets about concussion;

(B)

encourages supports, where feasible, for a student recovering from a concussion (regardless of whether or not the concussion occurred during school-sponsored activities, during school hours, on school property, or during an athletic activity), such as—

(i)

guiding the student in resuming participation in athletic activity and academic activities with the help of a multi-disciplinary concussion management team, which may include—

(I)

a health care professional, the parents of such student, a school nurse, relevant related services personnel, and other relevant school personnel; and

(II)

an individual who is assigned by a public school to oversee and manage the recovery of such student;

(ii)

providing appropriate academic accommodations aimed at progressively reintroducing cognitive demands on the student; and

(iii)

if the student’s symptoms of concussion persist for a substantial period of time—

(I)

evaluating the student in accordance with section 614 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1414) to determine whether the student is eligible for services under part B of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1411 et seq.); or

(II)

evaluating whether the student is eligible for services under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794); and

(C)

encourages the use of best practices designed to ensure, with respect to concussions, the uniformity of safety standards, treatment, and management, such as—

(i)

disseminating information on concussion safety and management to the public; and

(ii)

applying uniform best practice standards for concussion safety and management to all students enrolled in public schools.

(2) Posting of information on concussions

Each public elementary school and each public secondary school shall post on school grounds, in a manner that is visible to students and school personnel, and make publicly available on the school website, information on concussions that—

(A)

is based on peer-reviewed scientific evidence (such as information made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention);

(B)

shall include information on—

(i)

the risks posed by sustaining a concussion;

(ii)

the actions a student should take in response to sustaining a concussion, including the notification of school personnel; and

(iii)

the signs and symptoms of a concussion; and

(C)

may include information on—

(i)

the definition of a concussion;

(ii)

the means available to the student to reduce the incidence or recurrence of a concussion; and

(iii)

the effects of a concussion on academic learning and performance.

(3) Response to concussion

If an individual designated from among school personnel for purposes of this Act, one of whom must be in attendance at every school-sponsored activity, suspects that a student has sustained a concussion (regardless of whether or not the concussion occurred during school-sponsored activities, during school hours, on school property, or during an athletic activity)—

(A)

the student shall be—

(i)

immediately removed from participation in a school-sponsored athletic activity; and

(ii)

prohibited from resuming participation in school-sponsored athletic activities—

(I)

on the day the student sustained the concussion; and

(II)

until the day the student is capable of resuming such participation, according to the student’s written release, as described in paragraph (4); and

(B)

the designated individual shall report to the parent or guardian of such student—

(i)

any information that the designated school employee is aware of regarding the date, time, and type of the injury suffered by such student (regardless of where, when, or how a concussion may have occurred); and

(ii)

any actions taken to treat such student.

(4) Return to athletics

If a student has sustained a concussion (regardless of whether or not the concussion occurred during school-sponsored activities, during school hours, on school property, or during an athletic activity), before such student resumes participation in school-sponsored athletic activities, the school shall receive a written release from a health care professional, that—

(A)

states that the student is capable of resuming participation in such activities; and

(B)

may require the student to follow a plan designed to aid the student in recovering and resuming participation in such activities in a manner that—

(i)

is coordinated, as appropriate, with periods of cognitive and physical rest while symptoms of a concussion persist; and

(ii)

reintroduces cognitive and physical demands on such student on a progressive basis only as such increases in exertion do not cause the reemergence or worsening of symptoms of a concussion.

(5) Return to academics

If a student enrolled in a public school in the State has sustained a concussion, the concussion management team (as described under paragraph (1)(B)(i)) of the school shall consult with and make recommendations to relevant school personnel and the student to ensure that the student is receiving the appropriate academic supports, including—

(A)

providing for periods of cognitive rest over the course of the school day;

(B)

providing modified academic assignments;

(C)

allowing for gradual reintroduction to cognitive demands; and

(D)

other appropriate academic accommodations or adjustments.

(b) Noncompliance

(1) First year

If a State described in subsection (a) fails to comply with subsection (a) by the compliance deadline, the Secretary of Education shall reduce by 5 percent the amount of funds the State receives under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) for the first fiscal year following the compliance deadline.

(2) Succeeding years

If the State fails to so comply by the last day of any fiscal year following the compliance deadline, the Secretary of Education shall reduce by 10 percent the amount of funds the State receives under that Act for the following fiscal year.

(3) Notification of noncompliance

Prior to reducing any funds that a State receives under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary of Education shall provide a written notification of the intended reduction of funds to the State and to the appropriate committees of Congress.

Sec. 3. Rule of Construction

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect civil or criminal liability under Federal or State law.

Sec. 4. Definitions

In this Act:

(1) Concussion

The term concussion means a type of mild traumatic brain injury that—

(A)

is caused by a blow, jolt, or motion to the head or body that causes the brain to move rapidly in the skull;

(B)

disrupts normal brain functioning and alters the mental state of the individual, causing the individual to experience—

(i)

any period of observed or self-reported—

(I)

transient confusion, disorientation, or impaired consciousness;

(II)

dysfunction of memory around the time of injury; or

(III)

loss of consciousness lasting less than 30 minutes; or

(ii)

any 1 of 4 types of symptoms, including—

(I)

physical symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, or dizziness;

(II)

cognitive symptoms, such as memory disturbance or slowed thinking;

(III)

emotional symptoms, such as irritability or sadness; or

(IV)

difficulty sleeping; and

(C)

can occur—

(i)

with or without the loss of consciousness; and

(ii)

during participation in any organized sport or recreational activity.

(2) Health care professional

The term health care professional means an individual—

(A)

who has been trained in diagnosis and management of concussion in a pediatric population;

(B)

who is registered, licensed, certified, or otherwise statutorily recognized by the State to provide such diagnosis and management; and

(C)

whose scope of practice and experience includes the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury among a pediatric population.

(3) Local educational agency; State

The terms local educational agency and State have the meanings given such terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).

(4) Related Services Personnel

The term related services personnel means individuals who provide related services, as defined under section 602 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1401).

(5) School-sponsored athletic activity

The term school-sponsored athletic activity means—

(A)

any physical education class or program of a school;

(B)

any athletic activity authorized during the school day on school grounds that is not an instructional activity;

(C)

any extra-curricular sports team, club, or league organized by a school on or off school grounds; and

(D)

any recess activity.