Introduced in Senate — S. 4403

119th CONGRESS

2d Session

S. 4403

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

April 27, 2026

Mr. Booker (for himself, Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. Kim, Ms. Duckworth, and Mr. Markey) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry

A BILL

To amend the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 to provide States and communities with additional assistance to plant and maintain trees, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

Section 1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Neighborhood Tree Act of 2026.

Sec. 2. Findings

Congress finds that—

(1)

the presence of a healthy and well-maintained urban forest can—

(A)

support—

(i)

the physical and mental health of community residents;

(ii)

the regulation of air quality;

(iii)

the mitigation of the urban heat island effect;

(iv)

the reduction of energy demand; and

(v)

stormwater management; and

(B)

provide other benefits;

(2)

according to research of the Forest Service, the estimated value of benefits described in paragraph (1) exceeds $18,000,000,000;

(3)

the maintenance and management of an urban forest offers additional opportunities relating to workforce development, job creation, and enhancement of property values;

(4)

urban forest canopy cover is inequitably distributed among racial groups and income levels, exacerbating disparities in exposure, for example, to the urban heat island effect and in related health risks or financial burdens relating to cooling;

(5)

the effects of historical discriminatory policies, such as redlining, continue to have effects on urban environments;

(6)

a recent analysis shows that—

(A)

urbanized neighborhoods with mostly people of color have 33 percent less tree canopy on average than majority white neighborhoods; and

(B)

low-income neighborhoods have 41 percent less tree cover than neighborhoods with low rates of poverty;

(7)

additional analyses of cities in the United States found that—

(A)

communities primarily inhabited by United States-born, white populations contain more than twice the urban forest canopy cover of communities primarily inhabited by racial and ethnic minorities; and

(B)

there were elevated land temperatures in formerly redlined areas compared to their nonredlined counterparts, by an average 2.6 degrees Celsius and up to 7 degrees Celsius; and

(8)

to reduce disparities in the enjoyment of the social, environmental, and economic benefits of healthy and well-maintained urban forests and manage risks relating to heat exposure and other urban stressors, the Federal Government should accelerate actions to enhance the health and resilience of urban forests, with investment in priority communities.

Sec. 3. Neighborhood Tree Fund

Section 9 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105) is amended—

(1)

by redesignating subsections (h) and (i) as subsections (i) and (j), respectively; and

(2)

by inserting after subsection (g) the following:

(h) Neighborhood Tree Fund
(1) In general
Consistent with the purposes described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall establish the Neighborhood Tree Fund (referred to in this subsection as the Fund).
(2) Assistance
The Secretary shall use amounts from the Fund to provide assistance to eligible entities described in paragraph (3) to increase and improve the overall health of the tree canopy in a community.
(3) Eligibility
An entity that is eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (2) is—
(A)
a State;
(B)
an Indian Tribe; and
(C)
a local unit of government, approved organization, or local community tree volunteer group described in subsection (b)(4).
(4) Requirements
The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, shall establish requirements for the receipt of assistance under paragraph (2), including requirements with respect to—
(A)
engagement with communities and stakeholders;
(B)
the conduct of a tree canopy assessment;
(C)
the use of climate change science in the design of a project using the assistance;
(D)
the conduct of site preparation and tree species selection; and
(E)
the conduct of monitoring and maintenance to ensure the successful establishment of the tree canopy.
(5) Priority
The Secretary shall give priority to the provision of assistance under paragraph (2) to eligible entities that propose projects that—
(A)
include and prioritize tree planting and tree maintenance in—
(i)
a census tract with a poverty rate of not less than 20 percent, as measured by the 5-year data series available from the American Community Survey of the Bureau of the Census for the period of 2014 through 2018, including such a census tract that includes an area that was designated as hazardous or definitely declining in maps drawn by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation; or
(ii)
a community or neighborhood with lower tree canopy and higher maximum daytime summer temperatures compared to surrounding communities or neighborhoods, as determined by the Secretary, based on publicly available information;
(B)
optimize outcomes for climate mitigation and resilience for the purpose of public health, as determined by the Secretary; or
(C)
advance community-led urban agroforestry or tree-based local food production to increase green infrastructure, reduce urban heat, and improve environmental and public health outcomes.
(6) Limitations on use of amounts for community tree assessments
Not more than 10 percent of the amount made available under paragraph (7) for a fiscal year may be used for the development of community tree assessments.
(7) Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for deposit into the Fund, for use by the Secretary to carry out this subsection, not less than—
(A)
$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(B)
$200,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
(C)
$400,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
(D)
$600,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
(E)
$700,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.

Sec. 4. National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Council composition

Section 9(g)(2)(A) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105(g)(2)(A)) is amended—

(1)

in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 15 and inserting 16;

(2)

in each of clauses (i) through (viii), by striking the comma at the end and inserting a period;

(3)

in clause (ix), by striking , and at the end and inserting a period; and

(4)

by striking clause (x) and inserting the following:

(x)
3 members who are not officers or employees of any governmental body and who have expertise and have been active in urban and community forestry, of whom—
(I)
1 is a resident of a community with a population of less than 50,000 as of the most recent census; and
(II)
1 is a resident of a low-income community, as determined by the Secretary.